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COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS 


CHARTEK 


AND 


BY-LAWS 


TROWS 

tINTING  AND   BOOKBINDING  COMPANY, 

NEW  YORK. 


At  a  quarterly  meeting  of  the  Trustees  of  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  lield  on  Tuesday,  May  4,  18SG,  the  code  of  By- 
Laws,  here  printed,  was  formally  adopted. 

At  the  same  meeting  a  committee  was  apjjointed,  consisting  of 
the  President,  Dr.  Hubbard,  and  Mr.  Choate,  to  put  in  correct  form 
the  charter  of  the  College  as  now  in  force,  and  to  print  it,  with  the 
code  of  By-Laws,  for  the  use  of  the  members  of  the  Board. 

Geo.  G.  Wheelock,  M.D., 

Hegistrar. 

The  Legislature  of  the  State  of  New  York,  by  an  act  passed 
March  24,  1791,  authorized  the  Regents  of  the  University  to  estab- 
lish a  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  enacted  that  the 
College  so  established  should  be  forthwith  thereafter  a  corporation, 
by  such  name  and  with  such  powers  as  the  Regents  should  declare 
in  their  act  of  establishnient.  Pursuant  to  this  authority  the  Re- 
gents, on  March  12,  1807,  established  the  College  by  the  name  of 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
and  ordained  its  original  charter,  which  was  amended  by  a  further 
ordinance  of  the  Regents  on  March  3,  1808.  Other  amendments 
were  ordained  by  the  Regents  April  1,  1811.  On  June  4,  1812,  the 
Regents  revised  the  charter,  adopting  a  draft  reported  for  that  pur- 
pose by  Chief  Justice  Kent,  then  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Re- 
gents. The  revised  charter,  so  granted,  was  ratified  and  confirmed 
by  the  Legislature  by  an  act  passed  April  5,  1813  ;  and  was  amended 
by  subsequent  acts  passed  March  24,  1860,  and  April  17,  1885. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  existing  provisions  of  the 
charter  of  the  College,  as  compiled  from  all  the  foregoing  ordi- 
nances and  statutes. 

J.  C.  Daltojt,  ^ 

Saml.  T.  Hubbard,  >  Committee. 

Joseph  H.  Choate.  ) 

New  York,  June  1,1886. 


C  H  A  R  T  E  E 


Whereas,  since  the  establishment  of  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons  of  this  State  by  charter,  dated  Marcli 
the  twelfth,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seven,  it  has 
been  found  necessary  at  several  times  to  alter  and  amend 
the  said  charter :  And  whereas  it  has  now  become  ex- 
pedient for  the  better  government  of  the  said  College  to 
collect  into  one  the  original  and  supplementary  charters, 
and  to  amend  the  same,  so  as  to  give  greater  stability 
and  respectability  to  that  Institution ;  Therefore,  be  it 
ordained,  by  virtue  of  the  act,  entitled  "  An  Act";  to  en- 
able the  Regents  of  the  University  to  establish  a  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  within  this  State,"  passed 
the  24th  of  March,  1791,  and  we  do  by  these  presents 
ordain,  grant,  and  declare,  that  all  such  persons  named 
in  the  original  charter  who  did,  according  to  an  ordi- 
nance passed  by  us,  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  on  the  third  day  of  March,  1808, 
declare  in  writing  (on  or  before  the  first  day  of  May,  in 
the  year  1808)  their  acceptance  of  the  appointment  of 
member  or  Trustee  of  said  College ;  and  that  they  would, 
each  of  them,  to  the  best  of  their  abilities  endeavor  to 
promote  the  usefulness  of  the  said  College,  and  faith- 
fully execute  the  duties  required  of  them  respectively, 
as  members  or  Trustees  of  the  said  College,  together 
with  Samuel  Bard,  Benjamin  De  Witt,  John  Augustine 


6  CHAETER. 

Smitli,  David  Hosack,  William  James  McNeven,  Jolin 
K.  B.  Kogers,  Samuel  L.  Mitchell,  Joliii  D.  Jaqnes, 
Thomas  Addis  Emmet,  Lymau  Spaulding,  Andrew  Mor- 
ton, Andrew  Hunt,  and  Joseph  Bloodgood,  be,  and  here- 
by are  constituted  a  body  corporate  and  politic,  in  fact 
and  in  name,  by  the  name  of  the  "  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  in  the  City  of  New  York."  And  that  they 
and  their  successors  shall  have  perpetual  succession,  and 
by  that  name  shall  be  in  law  capable  to  sue  and  be  sued, 
plead  and  be  impleaded,  answer  and  be  answered  unto, 
defend  and  be  defended,  in  all  courts  and  places  and  in 
all  matters  and  causes  whatsoever,  and  to  purchase,  take, 
hold,  and  enjoy,  and  have,  lands,  tenements  and  heredita- 
ments and  real  estate,  in  fee  simple  or  for  term  of  years 
or  lives  or  any  other  manner  whatsoever,  and  also  goods, 
chattels,  books,  money,  and  all  other  things  of  what 
nature  soever,  whicli  property,  or  the  income  thereof, 
shall  be  devoted  to  the  maintenance  or  improvement  of 
the  several  departments  of  instruction  and  research,  es- 
tablished or  hereafter  to  be  established  in  said  College  ; 
Provided,  that  the  total  amount  of  proj^erty,  both  real 
and  personal,  to  be  held  by  said  College,  shall  not  at 
any  time  exceed  two  millions  of  dollars.  And  the  mem- 
bers or  Trustees  of  the  said  Collesre  shall  have  a  common 
seal,  and  may  alter  and  renew  the  same  at  23leasure. 

And  be  it  further  ordained,  granted,  and  declared,  that 
Samuel  Bard,  Benjamin  De  Witt,  John  Augustine  Smith, 
David  Hosack,  William  James  McNeven,  John  R.  B. 
Bogers,  Samuel  L.  Mitchell,  John  D.  Jaques,  Thomas 
Addis    Emmet,    Lyman    Spaulding,    Andrew    Morton, 


OIIAETER. 


Andrew  Hunt,  and  Joseph  Bloodgood,  and  sncli  other 
persons   as  they  or  their  successors  may  hereafter  ap- 
point, provided  the  whole  number  shall  not  at  any  time 
exceed  twenty-five,  shall  be  Trustees  of  the  said  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons ;  and  that  seven  of  the  said 
Trustees,  at  any  time  resident  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
shall  form  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business,  and 
shall  and  may  meet  together  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  May 
and  on  the  first  Tuesdays  in  August,  November,  and 
February,  in  every  year;  and  that  on  the  days  of  these 
anniversary  and   quarterly   meetings,  but  at  no   other 
time,  they,  the  said  Trustees,  may  enact  such  by-laws, 
rules  and  regulations,  relative  to  the  aifairs  and  prop- 
erty of  the  said  College,  and  relative  to  the  duties  of 
their   President,  Vice-President,    Professors,    Treasurer, 
Registrar,  and  other  members,  as  they  or  a  majority  of 
them  so  met  at  such  annual  or  quarterly  meetings  may 
think  fit  and  proper :  Provided,  that  such  by-laws,  rules 
and  regulations,  be  not  contrary  to,  or  inconsistent  with, 
the  constitution  and  laws  of  this  State,  or  the  United 
States;   and  such  by-laws,  rules  and   regulations,  shall 
remain  the  by-laws,  rules  and  regulations,  by  which  the 
said  College  shall  be  governed,  and  shall  not  be  annulled, 
abrogated,  or  repealed,  but  by  and  with  the  consent  of 
the  majority  of  the  Trustees  of  the  said  College,  con- 
vened at  an  anniversary  or  quarterly  meeting.     And  the 
Registrar  of  the  said  College  shall  provide  a  book,  in 
which  he  shall  make  an  entry  of  all  the  resolutions  and 
proceedings  which,  may  be  had  from  time  to  time,  and 
also  the  annual  reports  relative  to  the  state  of  the  treas- 


8  CHAKTER. 

iiry,  and  all  such  other  things  as  a  majority  of  the  Trus- 
tees of  th6  College  asseuibled  shall  think  proper,  to 
which  any  member  of  the  College  may  at  any  time  have 
recourse ;  and  the  same,  together  with  all  the  books, 
papers,  and  records  Avhich  may  be  in  the  hands  of  the 
Kegistrar,  and  be  the  property  of  the  College,  shall  be 
delivered  to  his  successor  in  office ;  and  the  Treasurer  of 
the  said  Colleo;e  shall  receive  and  be  accountable  for  all 
moneys  which  shall  come  into  his  hands,  and  shall  pay 
the  same  in  such  manner  as  may  be  directed  by  a  ma- 
jority of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  convened  at  their  anni- 
versary or  quarterly  meetings,  and  by  a  warrant  for  that 
purpose,  signed  by  the  President  or  Vice-President.  And 
it  is  hereby  further  ordained,  granted,  and  declared  by 
us,  that  the  Trustees  of  the  said  College  shall,  as  far  as 
they  are  able,  at  all  times  provide  suitable  apartments 
or  lecturing  rooms  for  all  such  professors  as  shall  here- 
after be  appointed  in  and  for  the  said  College — which 
professors  shall  have  the  style  and  title  of  Professors  of 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  and  that  all  the 
members  of  the  said  College  shall  be  privileged  at  all 
times  to  attend,  inspect,  and  notice  all  lectures  or  other 
modes  of  teaching  by  Professors  in  the  said  College ; 
and  that  in  case  of  the  death  or  resignation  of  any  pro- 
fessorship, or  other  vacancy  in  the  said  College,  a  ma- 
jority of  the  Trustees  at  any  of  their  meetings  may  ap- 
2')oint  Lecturers  in  any  branch  of  Medicine,  or  of  the 
sciences  connected  therewith,  until  such  time  as  a  pro- 
fessor be  appointed  by  them.  And  be  it  hereby  ordained, 
granted,  and  declared,  that  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 


CHARTER.  9 

said  College  shall  enact  and  put  into  effect  all  ordinances 
respecting  the  said  College,  as  well  with  respect  to  edu- 
cation as  all  other  matters  and  things,*  and  shall  pay 
due  attention  to  establishing  and  preserving  for  the  use 
of  said  Colle2:e  an  anatomical  museum  and  chemical 
apparatus,  and  shall  make  an  annual  report  to  us  in 
writing,  or  to  the  Chancellor  of  the  University,  in  the 
month  of  November,  in  every  year,  respecting  the  funds 
and  property  of  the  said  College,  and  all  matters  and 
things  relative  to  the  said  College,  and  the  students  and 
professors  thereof.  And  we  do  ordain,  grant,  and  de- 
clare, that  the  said  Trustees,  Fellows,  and  Members  of 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  the  City  of 
New  York,  and  their  successors  forever,  shall  enjoy  all 
the  corporate  rights,  privileges,  and  immunities  which 
are  hereby  granted.  And  be  it  further  ordained,  that 
the  members  of  the  said  College,  who  are  not  by  this 
charter  constituted  Trustees,  shall  be  Fellows;  and  that 
the  Trustees  shall  have  power  to  elect  Fellows  or  mem- 
bers of  the  said  College,  who  shall  at  all  times  have  the 
privilege  of  attending  all  the  public  lectures  and  other 
courses  of  instruction  delivered  by  the  Professors  in  the 
said  College,  and  who  shall  also  have  the  privilege  of 
visiting  and  inspecting  the  Anatomical  Museum,  the 
cabinets  of  mineralogy  and  natural  history,  and  the 
library  of  the  said  College,  under  such  regulations  as 
the  Trustees  shall  prescribe  for  that  purpose. 

*  The  right  of  conferring  the  degree  of  Doctor  in  Medicine,  as  well  as 
that  of  apiDointing  Professors,  enacting  By-Laws,  and  filling  vacancies  in 
the  Board  of  Trustees,  originally  reserved  to  the  Eegents,  was  transferred  to 
the  Board  of  Trustees  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  passed  March  24,  1860, 


B  Y-L  AW  S. 


President. — The  President  sliall  preside  at  the  meet- 
in  o-g  of  the  Board  of  Trustees ;  and,  in  conjunction  with 
the  President  of  Columbia  College,  at  the  annual  Com- 
mencement exercises.  He  shall  execute,  or  cause  to  be 
executed,  the  laws  and  oi'dinances  of  the  Trustees,  and 
shall  communicate  to  the  Board  such  matters,  not  other- 
Avise  provided  for,  as  may  require  their  action  or  consid- 
eration. 

In  case  of  the  absence  or  disability  of  the  President, 
the  above  duties  shall  be  performed  by  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent ;  and,  in  case  of  the  absence  or  disability  of  both, 
by  the  senior  Trustee  present  on  the  occasion. 

II. 

Kegistrae. — The  Reo^istrar  shall  issue  all  notices  of 
meetings,  and  all  necessary  communications  as  to  ap- 
pointments, resolutions,  and  the  like,  not  otherwise  pro- 
vided for ;  and  shall  act  as  secretary  at  the  meetings. 

He  shall  have  the  custody  of  the  corporate  seal,  to  be 
used  only  under  the  authority  of  the  Board. 

After  each  meeting  of  the  Board  he  shall  transcribe 
its  ^proceedings  into  a  minute-book,  which  shall  be  pre- 
sented at  the  next  subsequent  meeting,  and  in  which  the 
minutes,  when  approved  by  the  Board,  shall  be  authenti 


BY-LAWS.  11 

cated  by  liis  official  signature.  After  eacli  quarterly 
meeting  in  Novemljei",  and  before  the  next  (juarterly 
meeting  in  February,  tlie  proceedings  for  that  year  shall 
be  enOT'ossed  in  a  volume  of  the  Colleo;e  Records,  and 
therein  verified  and  signed  by  the  Registrar.  The  Col- 
lege Records  shall  be  kept,  in  a  fire-proof  safe,  in  a  place 
designated  by  the  Board,  and  shall  not  be  taken  away 
from  thence  except  on  the  written  order  of  the  President. 

The  Re2:istrar  shall  examine  the  certificates  of  a^e, 
character,  and  study  presented  by  candidates  for  gradu- 
ation, and  shall  verify  their  completeness  according  to 
law  and  the  ordinances  of  the  College.  He  shall  prepare 
the  Annual  Report  of  the  College  to  the  Regents  of  the 
University,  and  shall  present  the  same  to  the  Board  at 
the  quarterly  meeting  in  November.  The  report,  as 
adopted  and  authenticated  by  the  Board,  shall  be  trans- 
mitted by  the  Registrar  to  the  Secretar^^  of  the  Regents 
not  later  than  November  15th. 

In  case  of  the  absence  or  disability  of  the  Registrar, 
his  duties  shall  be  performed  by  a  substitute  appointed 
by  the  President. 

III. 

Treasuree. — The  Treasurer  shall  have  charo^e  of  all 
moneys,  title-deeds,  and  securities,  and  papers  relating 
thereto,  belonging  to  the  College,  and  shall  keep  them, 
in  the  name  of  the  corporation,  in  some  safe  and  proper 
place  of  deposit. 

The  fiscal  year  of  the  College  shall  terminate  on  the 
fifteenth  day  of  September.  On  or  before  the  twentieth 
of  October,  the  Treasurer  shall  submit  to  the  Auditing 


12  BY-LAWS. 

Committee  Lis  annual  report,  containing  a  full  account 
of  the  College  property  in  Lis  possession  and  the  income 
and  expenditures  for  tLe  preceding  fiscal  year,  witL  tLe 
necessary  voucLers  and  documents.  On  or  before  tLe 
twentietL  of  October  Le  sLall  also  furnisL  to  tLe  Regis- 
trar an  abstract  of  Lis  I'eport,  embracing  sucL  portions 
as  are  necessary  for  tLe  Annual  Report  of  tlie  College 
to  tLe  Regents  of  tlie  University.  TLe  Treasurer's  an- 
nual report  sLall  be  presented  to  tLe  Board  of  Trustees 
at  tLe  quarterly  meeting  in  November. 

At  tLe  quarterly  meeting  in  May  tLe  Treasurer  sLall 
present  to  tLe  Board  of  Trustees  a  report  of  tLe  College 
property  in  Lis  possession,  sLowing  tLe  cLanges  wLicL  Lave 
occurred  since  Lis  last  report,  w^itL  a  list  of  tLe  invest- 
ments ;  and  Le  sLall  at  all  times  be  ready,  on  due  notice, 
to  make  sucL  report,  wLen  required  by  tLe  Board  to  do  so. 

TLe  signatures  of  botL  tLe  Treasurer  and  tLe  President 
sLall  be  necessary  for  tLe  registration,  sale,  or  transfer 
of  any  of  tLe  above-described  College  property  or  securi- 
ties. 

IV. 

Executive  Manager. — TLere  sLall  be  an  Executive 
Manager,  elected  by  tLe  Board,  wLose  duty  it  sLall  be  to 
attend  to  tLe  details  of  tLe  management,  current  expenses, 
and  requirements  of  tLe  College  building.  He  sLall  j^ro- 
vide  for  tLe  Liring  and  j)ayment  of  employees,  tLe  sup- 
pi}^  of  fuel  and  similar  necessary  materials,  and  in  gen- 
eral all  matters  connected  witL  tLe  daily  requirements 
of  tLe  College  operations.  He  sliall  carry  out  sucli  re- 
pairs,  alterations,   or  improvements  not  otLerwise  pro- 


BY-LAWS.  13 

vided  for,  as  may  be  directed  by  the  Board  of  Trustees 
or  by  tlie  Committee  on  Land  and  Buildings.  He  shall 
collect  the  College  income,  arising  from  matriculation 
fees,  graduation  fees,  rent  of  stores,  and  other  similar 
sources ;  and  he  shall  render  to  the  Treasurer,  at  the  end 
of  each  half  of  the  College  fiscal  year,  or  oftener  if  re- 
quired by  the  Treasurer,  an  account,  with  proper  vouch- 
ers, of  the  income  so  collected  and  expenses  incuried. 

He  shall  notify  the  Finance  Committee  of  matters  re- 
quiring their  attention;  and  he  shall  attend  the  meet- 
ings of  said  Committee  and  give  information  on  all  mat- 
ters of  College  finance  within  his  knowledge,  whenever 
desired  by  them  to  do  so. 

V. 

Finance  Committee. — The  Finance  Committee  shall 
consist  of  the  Treasurer  and  two  additional  members  of 
the  Board.  They  shall  consult  in  regard  to  investments, 
transfers  of  investments,  incidental  expenditures,  and 
other  similar  financial  business,  whenever  it  may  seem 
to  them  desirable.  They  shall  recommend  to  the  Board 
of  Trustees  any  action  in  financial  matters  which  they 
deem  proper ;  and  they  may,  in  cases  of  emergency,  when 
required  by  the  interests  of  the  College,  authorize  the 
Treasurer  to  take  such  action  immediately.  All  trans- 
actions so  authorized  shall  be  reported  by  them  at  the 
next  meeting  of  the  Board. 

VI. 

Committee  on  Land  and  Buildings. — There  shall  be 
a  Committee  on  Land  and  Buildings,  consisting  of  three 
members  of  the  Board,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  visit 


14  BY-LAWS. 

the  land  and  builciino;s  belono-ino;  to  tlie  Colleo-e  once  in 
eacli  montb,  or  as  often  as  they  may  deem  advisable. 
They  shall  recommend  to  the  Board  such  rej^airs,  altera- 
tions, improvements,  or  other  similar  matters  as  they 
deem  expedient ;  and  -whenever  immediate  action  thereon 
is  required  -by  the  interests  of  the  College,  they  may 
authorize  such  action.  All  matters  so  authorized  shall 
be  reported  by  them  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Board. 
The  Committee  shall  make,  at  the  quarterly  meeting  in 
November,  an  annual  report,  showing  the  condition  of 
the  land  and  buildings,  with  any  changes  made  during 
the  year. 

VII. 

Auditing  Committee. — An  Auditing  Committee  of 
three  shall  be  elected  at  the  quarterly  meeting  in  Fel^ru- 
ary,  to  serve  during  the  year.  They  shall  audit  the  an- 
nual account  of  the  Treasurer,  and  shall  report  on  the 
same  at  the  quarterly  meeting  in  November. 

VIII. 

Committee  on  Examinations. — There  shall  be  a  Stand- 
ing Committee  of  five,  of  whom  the  Registrar  shal]  be 
one,  to  attend  the  examination  of  candidates  for  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  in  Medicine.  They  shall  report  to  the 
Board,  from  time  to  time,  any  matters  relating  to  the 
examinations  which  in  their  judgment  require  considera- 
tion. 

IX. 

Membership  of  Co^mmittees. — The  membership  of 
committees  not  otherwise  provided  for  shall  be  filled  by 
appointment  by  the  President ;  and  vacancies  arising  in 


EY-LAWS.  1 5 

any  committee,  Avbicli  need  to  be  filled  before  the  next 
meeting  of  the  Board,  shall  be  filled  by  appointment  by 
the  President  of  memhevs  2^ro  tempore,  to  serve  nntil  the 
meeting  of  the  Board. 

X. 

Tkustees. — Of  the  twenty -five  members  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  not  more  than  twelve  shall  belong  to  the 
medical  profession.  No  person  occupying  a  full  profes- 
sorship in  the  College  shall  be  also  eligible  as  Trustee ; 
provided  always  that  the  President  and  Vice-President  of 
the  College  for  the  time  being  shall  be  ex-offiGio  Trustees 
thereof. 

The  seat  of  any  Trustee  who  shall  have  been  absent 
from  five  successive  quarterly  meetings,  without  present- 
ing an  excuse  satisfactory  to  the  Board,  after  due  notifi- 
cation, may  be  declared  vacant. 

XL 

Elections. — Vacancies  in  the  Board  of  Trustees  shall 
be  filled  by  nominations  made  and  seconded  at  a  quar- 
terly meeting,  and  an  election  held  at  a  subsequent  quar- 
terly .meeting.  The  same  rule  shall  apply  to  the  nomi- 
nation and  election  of  President,  Vice-President,  Regis- 
trar, and  Treasurer. 

XII. 

Meetings. — Meetings  of  the  Board  shall  be  called  at 
the  College  building,  by  notifications  mailed  to  each  mem- 
ber three  days  before  the  date  of  the  proposed  meeting. 
The  notifications  shall  be  directed  to  the  business  address 
of  each  member,  as  given  in  the  City  Directory,  unless  a 
different  address  be  designated  by  him  to  the  Registrar. 


16  BY-LAWS. 

Special  meetings,  for  business  reqiiii'ing  immediate  at- 
tention, may  be  called  at  an}^  time,  on  three  days'  notice, 
as  above,  in  pursuance  of  an  order  from  tlie  President, 
or,  in  liis  absence  or  disability,  from  the  Vice-President ; 
and  they  shall  be  so  called  whenever  desired,  in  writing, 
by  any  three  members  of  the  Board. 

When  nominations  or  elections  are  to  take  place,  or 
when  changes  in  the  By-Laws  are  to  be  acted  on,  the  pur- 
port of  such  proposed  action  shall  be  distinctly  stated 
on  the  cards  of  notification ;  and  in  general,  any  unusual 
and  important  matter,  for  which  the  action  or  considera- 
tion of  the  Board  is  anticipated,  shall  be  designated,  as 
above,  on  the  cards  of  notification. 

At  all  ^meetings  of  the  Board  seven  members  shall 
form  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

The  order  of  business  at  meetings  of  the  Board  shall 
be  as  follows : 

1.  Minutes  of  the  last  meeting. 

2.  Communications. 

3.  Reports  of  committees. 

4.  Special  business. 

5.  Unfinished  business. 

6.  Motions  and  resolutions. 

7.  Miscellaneous  business. 

XIII. 

By-Laws. — Amendments  to  By-Laws,  or  new  By-Laws, 

may  be  proposed  and  considered  at  any  meeting  of  the 
Board  ;  but  they  shall  be  acted  on  only  at  some  quarterly 
meeting  at  least  one  month  subsequent  to  that  at  which 
they  were  proposed. 


COLUMBIA   UNIVERSITY 

This  book  is  due  on  the  date  indicated  below,  or  at  the 
expiration  of  a  definite  period  after  the  date  of  borrowing, 
as  provided  by  the  riil«^=  '-*  ^\e  Library  or  by  special  ar- 
rant in  charge. 


DATE  BORROWED 


C72 
1886 
IS  and   surcreons 


